The way play-based approaches to teaching and learning impact in the Research Proposal

The way play-based ways to deal with instructing and learning sway in the quality training - Research Proposal Example trategies are regions introduced in the National Curriculum's system as exceptionally organized, which thus permits them next to no space for innovativeness. Thusly, little youngsters in year one are approached to plunk down, tune in, and follow bearings more often than not. Sadly, along these lines they are being offered little support and suppport to build up their learning miens (Broadhead, 2003). This gives off an impression of being the way in to the issue. According to the conditions, it appears to be hard for early years experts in the UK, especially those working in gathering and year one classes, to make a positive situation to encourage youngsters' learning through play, as most of scholars state. Anyway, it is notable that begining elementary school involves a change into an increasingly formal educational program. Consequently, we accept that finding a harmony between play-based exercises and increasingly explicit undertakings would be a decent method of thinking about youngsters' needs and interests. Ideally, this less organized and moer casual method of proceding, will encourage educators' activity when they need to arrange for what they point youngsters to learn according to the National Curriculum prerequisites (Palmer and Pettitt, 1993). Points Examination in the early years instruction is viewed as fundamental and can produce information that can be pertinent for additional exploration, strategy alteration, just as for the improvement of training (Pascal, 1993) . The point of the current examination is to find UK's essential educators in year one understandings of play, and how this effects on their training, as they need to mull over the National Curriculum's statuory requests. Answers to the accompanying inquiries were looked for: 1) To investigate the understandings of play as of now held byUK's essential educators in... The examination will comprise in a little scope study to research year one educators understandings of play and accepts about the essential National Curriculum, and how these effect on training. What's more, will explore if year one youngsters consider they get the chance to play in the study hall. Robson clarifies that little scope overviews are one of the customary subjective examination procedures, as they are appropriate for contemplates that try to depict and dissect some angle or circumstance. He additionally expresses that a weakness in the utilization of surveys and additionally meets is that respondents won't really report their understandings and accepts, for various reasons. Along these lines, a kind of outside legitimacy is vital if the motivation behind the examination is to look for if their is a line between what individuals state and do. Along these lines, as the conduct of teachers’ is a basic viewpoint in the investigation too, perception procedures will be l ikewise included to find out about educators practice in the homeroom, and afterward to depict, break down and decipher what was watched.

How science should inform drug policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

How science ought to advise tranquilize strategy - Essay Example It is suggested that there should be a greater amount of the accompanying: tranquilize counteraction for youth; medicate mediation for youthful grown-ups; and sedate recovery for more seasoned grown-ups. Along these lines, the commonness of liquor and medication misuse can be seriously restricted or conceivably even disposed of to a limited degree in contacting different age gatherings. Medication strategy in the UK unquestionably can possibly be impacted by the logical exploration that is being finished by Robinson and Berridge, just as George F. Koob and his own associates, as well. Medication avoidance for youth ought to be established so as to keep youngsters from supporting neural harm because of medication use. Liquor and medication use can seriously hinder cerebrum capacity and cause neurological harm that is irreversible. As indicated by Sussman and Ames (2008), â€Å"Robinson and Berridges (1993, 2000) motivating force refinement hypothesis centers around the impact of neur al adjustment (ie, sharpening) to medications and medication adapted improvements as the basic component sustaining drug use† (pp. 81). Clearly, one of the worries that infections guardians and instructors is the likelihood that adolescent are presented to liquor and medications early onâ€and all things considered, they are concerned that their young charges and understudies may fall prey to peer pressure. That, yet it is a concern that the utilization of liquor and additionally medications will be, shockingly, utilized so as to fight off issues related with lessening liquor or potentially tranquilize use. Also, it is a dread that youngsters will go to liquor as well as different medications for recreational purposes.

The place of Quebec is at the heart of the debate on constit essays

The spot of Quebec is at the core of the discussion on constit papers The confederation settlement in Canada was announced in 1867 and for the following 100 years Quebec was politically calm, giving no indications of disturbance toward the protected rules. During this period Quebec patriotism stayed exceptionally cautious in character, with the essential exertion of Quebec legislators being, to secure the protected system, rather battling for change. With the beginning of the tranquil transformation in the mid 1960s, for which Quebec started to advance from multiple points of view, financially, strategically and getting one of the most common areas in Canada. The Quebec government started to push for change in the constitution, pushing for its acknowledgment as an unmistakable society, due to the tremendous francophone lion's share in the area. Further indications kept up that Quebec should turn into a sovereign state in charge of its own governmental issues, these recommendations went to endeavors at choice in the constitution demonstration in 1982, t he Meech lake Accord in 1987 and the Charlottetown Accord in 1991-92, which will all be examined later. This move for change of the framework was heightened with the rise of different wellsprings of political discontent, for example, the Aboriginal people groups, absence of portrayal in the House of Commons for the financially prosperous west, and new social developments, for example, Feminism and environmentalism . The Canadian framework appears needing change yet is the area of Quebec the main genuine or significant wellspring of discontent? Quebec has been a significant wellspring of political discussion in Canada since the start of the 1960s as their calm unrest started. The calm upheaval was a time of incredible change for the Quebecois, the most significant presumably being those of secularization and as the economy and society in Quebec experienced this time of progress it not, at this point turned into an inconvenience to be of French primary language. As French turned into the language of instructing and of business in Quebec, an expansion in nationa... <!

I Am Legend Film review Free Essays

From its grasping beginning to its contacting finish, this high-netting blockbuster film is the film everyone has been energetically hanging tight for. The third big-screen adjustment of Richard Matheson’s â€Å"I Am Legend† tale (1954) this film industry hit makes certain to make them hold your seat the entire route through. Hollywood hunk Will Smith stars nearby an Alsatian called Abby, who takes each scene she’s in. We will compose a custom paper test on I Am Legend Film survey or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now This dystopian film is most likely exceptional. Subsequent to watching this, I am certainly going to peruse the first novel. PLOT New York City-2012. Robert Neville (Will Smith) gets up each morning. Does his activities. Has breakfast. Takes his pooch, Samantha, out for strolls, and to get supplies. Goes to work. Plays a little golf. At precisely early afternoon, he conveys communicates on the radio. Sounds totally typical? Well†¦no. When a typical man with a caring family, Robert Neville is (supposedly) the main living person left on Earth. He and Samantha are altogether alone, and have been for a long time. In 2009, a researcher called, amusingly, Dr Krippen (Emma Thompson), declares that she has found the remedy for malignancy; which toward the start was commended as a forward leap in present day medication. Be that as it may, it isn’t some time before the infection has changed into a lethal airborne structure, killing a large number of individuals. What's more, the individuals who the infection didn’t execute, it changed†¦ Neville, a military researcher, is a piece of the group attempting to discover an antibody, yet as the pandemic spreads, the administration orders Manhattan secured, with just the uninfected permitted to clear. Furthermore, presently Neville lives alone with Sam, encompassed by weird animals that eat up or taint any person or thing in their way. Delicate to UV radiation, they stay in dimness, just developing around evening time to eat. And at the same time, the contaminated hide in the shadows, viewing Neville’s each move, hanging tight for him to commit a lethal error. Maybe mankind’s last and best expectation, Neville is driven by just one outstanding crucial; figure out how to invert the impacts of the infection by utilizing his own insusceptible blood. In any case, his blood is likewise what the contaminated chase, and Neville realizes he is dwarfed and rapidly coming up short on time†¦ CHARACTERS The title â€Å"I Am Legend† is significant; Will Smith’s acting was LEGENDARY! Looking at this logically, it’s difficult when you’re the main character more often than not. All through the film, he was practically communicating with a dog†¦and that was about it. We witness Robert attempting his best to lead an ordinary presence, gradually losing his rational soundness, but then attempting to spare the world; all simultaneously. It is ideal to realize that his scope of acting isn't simply constrained to activity films (in spite of the fact that there is a reasonable piece of activity in I Am Legend) however it’s in the calm minutes that Smith smoothly and easily sparkles his stressed articulations and his relentless fight for his mental soundness. The cozy relationship with his pooch is amazingly contacting. His exhibition was superb and acceptable, so caps off to him. Specialized ELEMENTS/SOUND The initial scenes of â€Å"I Am Legend† have enhancements so great that they pretty much make up for some later embellishments that are marginally cumbersome. We see Manhattan three years after a dangerous infection has murdered each sound human on the island, aside from one. The lanes are congested with weeds, vehicles are deserted and the framework of awkwardly isolated structures is starting to fall. The film works admirably of uncovering the beasts a little bit at a time, however once showed, their CGI-ness is difficult to disregard. When they’re in all out attack mode, they take after something like zombified forms of something out of a computer game. This makes for energizing activity successions, yet dials down the repulsiveness impressively. The melody â€Å"3 little birds† by Bob Marley is utilized widely and is additionally on the soundtrack in the film. The tune has mixed hints as Robert sings the melody â€Å"Don’t stress over a thing, ‘Cause each easily overlooked detail going to be all right† in an endeavor comfort himself and his canine, to stay away from exceptional forlornness, and furthermore to help him to remember his family (his little girl was called Marley; after Bob Marley). Topic/CONCLUSION Keenly set in the year 2012, the film just causes us to feel significantly progressively neurotic. In the same way as other of the best science fiction films, I Am Legend says a great deal regarding the occasions we are right now living in. One of the fundamental topics of this film is that one day, we, people ourselves, could be the reason for the crash of the whole human race on the off chance that we continue meddling with nature and attempting to play God. Smith unmistakably states so in the film, â€Å"God didn’t do this. We did!† But Smith resembles a beam of expectation and advises us that there are acceptable individuals left on the planet. Utilizing a statement from Bob Marley, he says that â€Å"the individuals that are attempting to exacerbate the world never take a vacation day, so for what reason would it be a good idea for me to? Light up the darkness.† For this situation, Smith feels it’s his obligation to spare people and â€Å"Light the d arkness† (fix the Dark searchers). I Am Legend is accessible in Blu-Ray and DVD on Monday 21st April 2008. Bring home the 2 plate unique release of I am Legend and you’ll get the showy variant, yet in addition the total substitute concealed form with a disputable consummation. Unquestionably worth having on your rack. The most effective method to refer to I Am Legend Film audit, Papers

10 Evaluation Essay Topics on Affordable Care Act

10 Evaluation Essay Topics on Affordable Care Act Today we are going to assist you with bettering comprehend the Affordable Care Act so you can compose a decent paper dependent on it. Individuals for the most part know almost no about ACA, particularly those not guaranteed and that’s something we have to concentrate on. The law itself stays disliked however a portion of its parts have produced a great deal of press. This law makes it conceivable to achieve low rates, quality consideration, accessible protection plans and cost cutting estimates that will be forced on insurance agencies from both open and private areas. Because of the inquiries raised about the viability of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) and the staff of Joint Committee on Taxation (JCT) evaluated that, on balance, the measure of individuals who are getting clinical consideration from their managers would diminish by 3 million constantly 2019, under the present enactment. As per CBO’s most recent projections, somewhere in the range of 2019 and 2022, up to 5 million individuals will prevent taking inclusion from their managers in contrast with the past law. As indicated by the Affordable Care Act families that are making under 133 percent underneath neediness line, which lounges around $29,000 for a normal group of four, will be secured under the national social protection program known as Medicare. Families lie between 133 percent to 400 percent beneath the neediness line, which signifies around $88,000 for a solitary group of four, will get an easing charge credit on a sliding scale, with the goal that they are monetarily able to pay for private protection. Premiums are topped for families that are right now acquiring under 400 percent of the neediness line. This implies families procuring between 150 percent and 200 percent underneath the destitution line won't be committed to pay anything above 6.3 percent of their winning in premiums. Likewise if a family is gaining somewhere in the range of 300 and 400 percent of underneath the destitution line, they won’t need to pay more than 9.5 percent. The equation is accessible for everybody to utilize, in addition there is an online adding machine set up by the Kaiser Family Foundation which makes it simpler for families with a wide range of acquiring levels to figure their appropriations and tops. The individuals who can manage the cost of inclusion when the individual command kicks in and decide to neglect it, if their protection costing is under 8 percent of their whole yearly pay, must compensation a measure of $695 or 2.5 percent of their whole yearly salary. Whichever is more noteworthy will overshadow the other. Independent companies having under 10 representatives, with normal wages beneath or up to $25,000 who give protection strategies to their laborers, are qualified for a duty credit of up to 50 percent on their commitments. Expense credit likewise applies to independent companies having around 50 representatives where normal wages go up to $50,000. In any case, the duty acknowledge sum gets littler as the business grows and thrives. Insurance agencies are confined to assessing instances of people dependent on previous conditions. Elements that the insurance agencies can mull over are age, premium rating region, utilization of tobacco and family creation. The law commits boss gave wellbeing intends to pay burdens up to 35 percent if a solitary employee’s inclusion surpasses $10,200 or if a solitary family’s inclusion surpasses $27,500. This strategy is to ensure that businesses abstain from going for costly protection strategies; along these lines the insurance agencies are compelled to minimize their expenses. Duty code findings of business based medical coverage plans, which are as of now boundless, is additionally topped. The ACA ensures around 1 trillion dollars are spent in the following ten years. The law guarantees there are spending cuts, the majority of which apply to medicare, and certain increments in charge too, as it will help to either set aside cash or raise a greater amount of it. This is one reason why the CBO has conjectured that the shortage itself will go down thus. Over the long haul, investment funds will be better coordinated with costs and even surpass costs The CBO anticipates that the ACA law should bring the deficiency somewhere near a stunning trillion dollars in the coming decade. As indicated by overviews, social insurance costs have alarmingly eased back down. Some accuse this precarious result for the downturn while others accept that it’s only by some coincidence. Specialists, notwithstanding, find this is because of the ACA experiencing brisk changes in how the clinical consideration framework functions. ACA has constrained consideration suppliers to move their plans to quality based installments. The drawn out impacts of ACA will be founded on controlling expenses to guarantee the whole social insurance framework is improved. ACA urges Accountable Care Organizations to disperse Medical Homes as a signal to punish emergency clinics charging their patients more than would normally be appropriate, for preventable contaminations. This prompts the foundation of a different board wherein new changes are joined by means of the medicare framework. These realities make certain to start your imaginative energies so you can compose extraordinary points on the topic. Furthermore, look at our 20 subjects on Affordable Care Act for an assessment paper to improve thought and a total guide for assignments of this sort. Human services acts spread general society and private medicinal services needs, and depend on a drawn out system to accomplish a reasonable human services plan as well as cut down the financial deficiency. References: 2015 Affordable Care Act: Law, Regulatory Explanation And Analysis. (n.d.). Amadeo, K. (2015). Extreme Obamacare Handbook (2015?2016 Edition). Skyhorse Publishing. Askin, E., Moore, N. (n.d.). The Health Care Handbook: A Clear And Concise Guide To The United States Health Care System. Brill, S. (n.d.). Americas Bitter Pill: Money, Politics, Backroom Deals, And The Fight To Fix Our Broken Healthcare System. Bromley, K. (n.d.). The Employers Guide To Obamacare: What Profitable Business Owners Know About The Affordable Care Act. Emanuel, E. J. (n.d.). Rethinking American Health Care: How The Affordable Care Act Will Improve Our Terribly Complex, Blatantly Unjust, Outrageously Expensive, Grossly Inefficient, Error Prone System. Katz, M. (n.d.). Human services Made Easy: Answers To All Of Your Healthcare Questions Under The Affordable Care Act.

The Becker Family on Deciding to Live as a Minimalist Household

The Becker Family on Deciding to Live as a Minimalist Household In this video excerpt from Minimalism: A Documentary About the Important Things?, Kim and Joshua Becker talk about their decision to live as a minimalist family. See the film: MinimalismFilm.com. And find more minimalist-family resources here. Subscribe to The Minimalists via email.

Innovation in Customer Service - 2200 Words

Innovation in Customer Service (Dissertation Sample) Content: Innovation in Customer ServiceUniversitySubject code:Lecturers NameStudent ID Date submitted LITERATURE REVIEWMeaning of InnovationInnovation is a continuous aspect in the economy, and it is a significant topic of analysis for different disciplines including engineering, business, sociology, economic, and science among others. Despite the fact that the concept has been researched in various disciplines, it remains a poorly understood concept with various individuals and scholars confusing the innovation term with words such as creativity, design, change, and invention (Gailly and Palgrave Connect, 2011). According to Gailly and Palgrave Connect (2012) many people are in a position to provide numerous examples of innovations such as PC and iPod, but only a few can give a detail explanation on the innovative aspects of these two products. In the realm of academic, there are differences in opinion regarding the meaning of innovation. One of the definitions, as outlined i n the New Oxford Dictionary of English is that it refers to the making changes to something established by introducing something new (p. 942):However, there is limitation in the above definition from the dictionary. First is that it does not provide explanation of whether innovation is drastic or if it is something that happens only to products. Secondly, the definition does not show if innovation only happens to large organization or single entrepreneurs. Thirdly, the definition does not suggest whether innovation is applicable to both the profit making and not-for profit making businesses. Nonetheless, it is important to note that innovation is vital in local government and hospitals as well as in business entities. In the context of an organization, innovation can be realized in the form of improved services, processes, and products. The process can either be radical or incremental depending on the nature of the organization, and it generally occurs in the various levels of orga nizations; ranging from executive board to the low-level departments. As innovation transforms diverse ideas or information into outputs, which will ultimately increase the value of the customer, there is need to manage the operations. It is crucial for an organization to ensure that bad and good ideas are not integrated in the innovation process for this will make an organization to fail to realize its strategic goals and initiatives (Gailly and Palgrave Connect). Ideas that are regarded as bad should be ignored, while ideas that are good should be nurtured. This will ensure that scarce resources are engaged only in good ideas that will take an organization to another level of success. Every time a good idea is adopted, it effectively replaces the old one, because it is an organizations objective to successfully develop ideas that are good. As such it is critical to note that innovation process involves making changes to obsolete ideas in order to establish something useful (Burke , 2002). This is achieved through introduction of new concepts that adds customer value and contributes towards organizations knowledge reservoir. According to Burke (2002) organization knowledge is quite synonymous with organizational learning. Organizations that have the capability of creating new knowledge or innovating, retaining it and transferring it throughout various levels are very productive and stand a greater chance to be successful than their rivals which are not experienced in organizational learning. An organization that is willing to learn new ideas and adapt to the behavior that characterizes external stimuli in the business setting must have a collective knowledge on the changes in the environment. However, innovation is attributed to originality and novelty. Although novelty can be highly subjective, innovation has the traits of freshness or uniqueness. As such, from this perspective, innovation can be defined as;The process in which the organization makes changes in its operations with an aim of introducing new concept into the economy that will enhance customer value and contribute towards organizations knowledge store. These changes can either be small, large, incremental or radical on the services, products, and processes of the organization (Burke, 2002).Though this definition is quite general, it outlines numerous aspects and elements of innovation that are applicable within the organization. It is, therefore, vital to note that innovation can only be beneficial to the organization if the concerned management team can apply the new ideas or concepts to the success of the entity. As such, innovation, in a broad perspective, can be defined as;Application of various practical techniques and tools, within the organizations, that will necessitate changes in the operations of the organizationwhether small, large, incremental or radicalincluding services, processes and products, which will enhance customer value and contribute towards organiz ations knowledge store (Burke, 2002).Organizational ChangeSince 1980s, the reform initiatives have always focused on the need for public sectors to learn from the initiatives of private sectors in terms of organization change (Burke, 2002). Public organizations have always strived to enhance their efficiency through engaging in cost reduction measures while increasing its level of operations simultaneously. It is, therefore, normal that public sectors managers have been subjected to increased pressures in their initiatives of organization management. The differences between private and public sectors are based on the environmental and social settings and it is not necessarily on the structure and the number of employees or workforce in the entity. According to Burke (2002) organizational theory articulates to the notion that organizations are affected by environmental settings and it puts emphasis on the differences in institutional and technical environments. In modern societies, the elements of rationalized formal structure are deeply ingrained in, and reflect, widespread understandings of social reality. Many of the positions, policies, programs and procedures of modern organizations are enforced by public opinion, by the views of important constituents, by knowledge legitimated through the educational system, by social prestige, by the laws and by definitions of negligence and prudence used by the courts (Meyer and Rowan, 1991, p. 340). Meyer and Rowan (1991) purport that the environmental setting affects the operations of an entity and makes the management to devise strategies that would make the organization adapt to the environment. There are two change models that demonstrate the relationship between environment and organizations; Strategic change model and Socio-technical systems change model. In the case of Strategic change model, the focus is on the analysis of the vital contingency elements of the environment using analytical framework (Burke, 20 02). On the other hand, socio-technical systems change model focuses on individuals initiatives towards realization of organizational redesign or change. Its assessment is based on the individual employee. When there are changes in the environment, organizations need to adapt to these changes in incremental steps. Small adjustments in the organizations system enhance efficiency and sustain the operations of the organization. The continuous change is normally realized in most of the leading organizations; however, the management should have a reliable Research Development team that would foresee any slight changes in the operations of the entity (Meyer and Rowan, 1991). Organizational development would be realized when there are changes in the operations of the entity based on the trends in the economy (Meyer and Rowan, 1991). Organizational development is an approach in which the management reacts to the slight changes in the environment through modifying its structure in order to work well with the changes in the environment. Types of ChangesThere are various types of organizational changes; revolutionary/evolutionary, discontinuous /continuous, Episodic /continuing flow, transformational /transactional, strategic /operational, and total system / local option. Revolutionary change demands tools and techniques that will shape the operations of an organization in order to realize success (Burke, 2002). These tools normally bring success in the organization especially when there is drastic change of operations and activities. Revolutionary change requires the organization to adopt initial initiative of soliciting employees attention in order to harness modification of its strategy and mission (Burke, 2002). The evolutionary change aims at achieving the desired improvement of organizational activities such as service delivery, designing of new product, and upgrading the quality of the product or service. Under transformation change, the members of the organizat ion need to act swiftly on the small changes in the economy while continuous improvement of activities requires minimal attention or attention of the executive board only (Burke, 2002).Levels of Organization ChangeVarious types of organizational change are often implemented or instituted at different levels in the organization. There are numerous effects that these changes in the organization have on the levels of the social or organization system. These levels that are affected include; individual level, the group, and the total system. At the individual level, the effect of organizational change is on issues such as employment of new staff, replacing employees, training them, and providing counseling services to the affected individuals in the organization. At the group level, the focus is on, for example, team-building and self ... Innovation in Customer Service - 2200 Words Innovation in Customer Service (Dissertation Sample) Content: Innovation in Customer ServiceUniversitySubject code:Lecturers NameStudent ID Date submitted LITERATURE REVIEWMeaning of InnovationInnovation is a continuous aspect in the economy, and it is a significant topic of analysis for different disciplines including engineering, business, sociology, economic, and science among others. Despite the fact that the concept has been researched in various disciplines, it remains a poorly understood concept with various individuals and scholars confusing the innovation term with words such as creativity, design, change, and invention (Gailly and Palgrave Connect, 2011). According to Gailly and Palgrave Connect (2012) many people are in a position to provide numerous examples of innovations such as PC and iPod, but only a few can give a detail explanation on the innovative aspects of these two products. In the realm of academic, there are differences in opinion regarding the meaning of innovation. One of the definitions, as outlined i n the New Oxford Dictionary of English is that it refers to the making changes to something established by introducing something new (p. 942):However, there is limitation in the above definition from the dictionary. First is that it does not provide explanation of whether innovation is drastic or if it is something that happens only to products. Secondly, the definition does not show if innovation only happens to large organization or single entrepreneurs. Thirdly, the definition does not suggest whether innovation is applicable to both the profit making and not-for profit making businesses. Nonetheless, it is important to note that innovation is vital in local government and hospitals as well as in business entities. In the context of an organization, innovation can be realized in the form of improved services, processes, and products. The process can either be radical or incremental depending on the nature of the organization, and it generally occurs in the various levels of orga nizations; ranging from executive board to the low-level departments. As innovation transforms diverse ideas or information into outputs, which will ultimately increase the value of the customer, there is need to manage the operations. It is crucial for an organization to ensure that bad and good ideas are not integrated in the innovation process for this will make an organization to fail to realize its strategic goals and initiatives (Gailly and Palgrave Connect). Ideas that are regarded as bad should be ignored, while ideas that are good should be nurtured. This will ensure that scarce resources are engaged only in good ideas that will take an organization to another level of success. Every time a good idea is adopted, it effectively replaces the old one, because it is an organizations objective to successfully develop ideas that are good. As such it is critical to note that innovation process involves making changes to obsolete ideas in order to establish something useful (Burke , 2002). This is achieved through introduction of new concepts that adds customer value and contributes towards organizations knowledge reservoir. According to Burke (2002) organization knowledge is quite synonymous with organizational learning. Organizations that have the capability of creating new knowledge or innovating, retaining it and transferring it throughout various levels are very productive and stand a greater chance to be successful than their rivals which are not experienced in organizational learning. An organization that is willing to learn new ideas and adapt to the behavior that characterizes external stimuli in the business setting must have a collective knowledge on the changes in the environment. However, innovation is attributed to originality and novelty. Although novelty can be highly subjective, innovation has the traits of freshness or uniqueness. As such, from this perspective, innovation can be defined as;The process in which the organization makes changes in its operations with an aim of introducing new concept into the economy that will enhance customer value and contribute towards organizations knowledge store. These changes can either be small, large, incremental or radical on the services, products, and processes of the organization (Burke, 2002).Though this definition is quite general, it outlines numerous aspects and elements of innovation that are applicable within the organization. It is, therefore, vital to note that innovation can only be beneficial to the organization if the concerned management team can apply the new ideas or concepts to the success of the entity. As such, innovation, in a broad perspective, can be defined as;Application of various practical techniques and tools, within the organizations, that will necessitate changes in the operations of the organizationwhether small, large, incremental or radicalincluding services, processes and products, which will enhance customer value and contribute towards organiz ations knowledge store (Burke, 2002).Organizational ChangeSince 1980s, the reform initiatives have always focused on the need for public sectors to learn from the initiatives of private sectors in terms of organization change (Burke, 2002). Public organizations have always strived to enhance their efficiency through engaging in cost reduction measures while increasing its level of operations simultaneously. It is, therefore, normal that public sectors managers have been subjected to increased pressures in their initiatives of organization management. The differences between private and public sectors are based on the environmental and social settings and it is not necessarily on the structure and the number of employees or workforce in the entity. According to Burke (2002) organizational theory articulates to the notion that organizations are affected by environmental settings and it puts emphasis on the differences in institutional and technical environments. In modern societies, the elements of rationalized formal structure are deeply ingrained in, and reflect, widespread understandings of social reality. Many of the positions, policies, programs and procedures of modern organizations are enforced by public opinion, by the views of important constituents, by knowledge legitimated through the educational system, by social prestige, by the laws and by definitions of negligence and prudence used by the courts (Meyer and Rowan, 1991, p. 340). Meyer and Rowan (1991) purport that the environmental setting affects the operations of an entity and makes the management to devise strategies that would make the organization adapt to the environment. There are two change models that demonstrate the relationship between environment and organizations; Strategic change model and Socio-technical systems change model. In the case of Strategic change model, the focus is on the analysis of the vital contingency elements of the environment using analytical framework (Burke, 20 02). On the other hand, socio-technical systems change model focuses on individuals initiatives towards realization of organizational redesign or change. Its assessment is based on the individual employee. When there are changes in the environment, organizations need to adapt to these changes in incremental steps. Small adjustments in the organizations system enhance efficiency and sustain the operations of the organization. The continuous change is normally realized in most of the leading organizations; however, the management should have a reliable Research Development team that would foresee any slight changes in the operations of the entity (Meyer and Rowan, 1991). Organizational development would be realized when there are changes in the operations of the entity based on the trends in the economy (Meyer and Rowan, 1991). Organizational development is an approach in which the management reacts to the slight changes in the environment through modifying its structure in order to work well with the changes in the environment. Types of ChangesThere are various types of organizational changes; revolutionary/evolutionary, discontinuous /continuous, Episodic /continuing flow, transformational /transactional, strategic /operational, and total system / local option. Revolutionary change demands tools and techniques that will shape the operations of an organization in order to realize success (Burke, 2002). These tools normally bring success in the organization especially when there is drastic change of operations and activities. Revolutionary change requires the organization to adopt initial initiative of soliciting employees attention in order to harness modification of its strategy and mission (Burke, 2002). The evolutionary change aims at achieving the desired improvement of organizational activities such as service delivery, designing of new product, and upgrading the quality of the product or service. Under transformation change, the members of the organizat ion need to act swiftly on the small changes in the economy while continuous improvement of activities requires minimal attention or attention of the executive board only (Burke, 2002).Levels of Organization ChangeVarious types of organizational change are often implemented or instituted at different levels in the organization. There are numerous effects that these changes in the organization have on the levels of the social or organization system. These levels that are affected include; individual level, the group, and the total system. At the individual level, the effect of organizational change is on issues such as employment of new staff, replacing employees, training them, and providing counseling services to the affected individuals in the organization. At the group level, the focus is on, for example, team-building and self ...

The Late 19th Century The Gilded Age - 1295 Words

The late 19th century of American history is most commonly known as the Gilded Age, because of its attractive appearance, but underlying corruption. Popular themes during this period were greed and guile. This can most clearly be seen in the nature of city governments and political machine systems. Political machine systems were made up influential men preying on the vulnerable for their own gain. A shining example of this unethical system is Tammany Hall. Tammany Hall was a political force in New York City from its 1789 inception as a benevolent association to its infamous end in the early 20th century (Tammany Hall). Run by William M. Tweed, commonly referred to as Boss Tweed, this political ring gained its popularity by supporting immigrants and the lower class. Tammany Hall pushed for real improvements in hospitals, schools, and infrastructure (Burns). Although these examples are viewed as a good within the system, they are irrelevant and ineffective in the overall upheaval cause d by Boss Tweed and his political machine. Tweed s idea of city government and his political machine was a failure because it took advantage of taxpayers, used political graft and corruption to disparage the Constitution, and set a bad example for future political leaders. Tammany Hall took money from taxpayers to maintain their political machine and increase their personal fortune. This is a clear example of failure within what seemed to be a fair political system. Boss Tweed used a graftShow MoreRelatedEssay on American History: The Gilded Age America736 Words   |  3 PagesGilded Age America Throughout the history of the United States, the Gilded Age is regarded as a period that spanned the last three decades of the 19th century. This period starts from the Civil War came to an end in the 1865 up to 1900. The term Gilded Age was formulated by writers Charles Warner and Mark Twain in The Gilded Age: A Tale of Toady in 1873. They did this since they believed it to be an era that would be characterized by a variety of severe social problems that were camouflaged byRead MoreTransformation Of Urban Life During The Gilded Age And The Development Of Suburbs1423 Words   |  6 PagesTopic 3: The Transformation of Urban Life in the Gilded Age and the Development of Suburbs for the American Middle Classes This historical study will define the increased economy prosperity of the Gilded Age and the development of suburban planning in the American middle classes. During the late 19th century, the massive growth of the American economy was dominantly formed in urban industrial centers, yet the wealth generated from the upper and middle classes allowed them to move out into ruralRead MoreThe Gilded Age : A Powerhouse Rose From The Ashes Of The Civil War871 Words   |  4 PagesProgressives in the Gilded Age The Gilded Age: A powerhouse rose from the ashes of the Civil War. From the Civil War until about 1896, the Gilded Age was born. The United States was going through an era of governmental, fiscal and societal restructuring. Gilded Age got its name because Mark Twain seen as a period where everything seemed to be well on the surface but beneath was a scheme of political dishonesty and self-indulgence. Around this time, the affluent upper class was created due to theRead MoreA Window into Thinking During The Gilded Age in the Book Looking Backwards by Edward Bellamy1218 Words   |  5 PagesIn the latter chapters, Julian gains a love interest. He falls in love with Edith Leete, the daughter, who turns out to be Edith Bartlets great-granddaughter. Edith Bartlet was his former fiancà ¨e. In the 19th century, anarchism was a growing movement that scared many people including Julian. Dr. Leete describes how it was in fact the wealthiest who funded them, so people would be afraid of reform. However, this was not enough because social change was not instigated by labor or political partiesRead MoreGilded Age Essay872 Words   |  4 Pagestroubles, we shouldnt test people for drugs, we should test them for stupidity, ignorance, greed and love of power.† When Mark Twain and Charles Dudley coined the phrase ‘gilded age’ to describe what they saw in the late 19th century I’m sure they would agree wholeheartedly with Mr. O’Rourke. What does it mean ‘gilded age’? Gilded means to coat with a thin layer of gold, which I’m sure almost always is covering an inferior product. When one thinks of America one of the first thoughts that pop intoRead MoreThe First Midterm Assignment During American History1500 Words   |  6 P agesThe late-19th century was the most prolonged time period in American history and also what the bloodiest. Many violent events occurred that gave the 19th century its name, such as, profound labor conflicts between boss and workers, the Indian wars that was an extended battle for peace and a benefit in their lifestyles, the Jim Crow law which was established to separate races throughout the city, and also the fight for the American Empires power. These were the major issues that made the 19th centuryRead MoreJohn D. Rockefeller : The Gilded Age Of The Gilded Age741 Words   |  3 PagesFollowing years of reconstruction, the U.S. entered a new age. For this new age, Mark Twain named it after the â€Å"glittering† surface of the time that covered vast corruption underneath. The late 19th century would be called the Gilded Age (Houston). From this Gilded Age, a powerful businessman emerged. John D. Rockefeller ruled the oil industry as king. Using his incredible knowledge of business, he rose up through the age to become one of the most influential businessmen in history. Amidst the 1880sRead MoreWomen During The Civil War997 Words   |  4 Pageswhat they had to do, one must have knowledge of both the Gilded Age and the Progressive Era. The Gilded Age It is said that Mark Twain dubbed the later years of the 19th century as the Gilded Age. The period is very well described as a glittering invitation of the ‘American Dream’ to immigrants and laborers on the surface but corrupt and cutthroat underneath its illusionary surface. In many peoples’ eyes, the late 19th century was an age of selfishness and the lawless trickery of insatiable ‘RobberRead MoreThe Gilded Age : The Gilded Age1340 Words   |  6 PagesMark Twain, an American writer, named the late 19th century, the ‘Gilded Age.’ This time frame is ‘gilded’ because the time was glittering with gold on the surface, but corrupt and rotten underneath. This was a time period full of greed and guile, filled with robber barons, speculators, and Buccaneers. Not only that, but there were many sneaky business schemes to get more income, improper politics, and many impolite displays. Although, it’s better to think of this time as modern America’s formativeRead MoreProgression Of Women s Rights1229 Words   |  5 PagesProgression of Women’s Rights The Gilded Age caused the solution of many problems to not happen. During this time, in the late 19th century, there was extreme corruption that was not being fixed. Soon, in 1890, the rise of progressivism took place, trying to fix the problems that were made. Many different progressive era reformers focused on many different issues and tried to mend the corruption relating to that specific topic. Women’s rights was a huge problem during this time, and two specific

Consider a Career in Immigration Services

For those interested in a career in U.S. immigration services, consider the three immigration agencies that are within the Department of Homeland Security: U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). These positions include border patrol agents, criminal investigators or agents who enforce immigration policy through apprehension, processing, detention or deportation of illegal aliens, or assisting immigrants through the process of achieving legal status, visas or naturalization. Homeland Security Careers Information Information about careers within the U.S. federal government can be found at the U.S. Office of Personnel Management. This office contains further information for federal job seekers including employee pay scales and benefits. U.S. citizenship is a requirement for a majority of these federal jobs. Read the requirements carefully before applying.   Customs and Border Protection According to U.S. Customs and Border Protection, the CBP is a premier law enforcement agency that safeguards America’s borders. Every day, CBP protects the public from dangerous people and materials attempting to cross the border, while enhancing the nation’s global economic competitiveness by enabling legitimate trade and travel at ports of entry. On a typical day, CBP makes more than 900 apprehensions and seizes more than 9,000 pounds of illegal drugs.  The  CBP offers a comprehensive careers section on its website including job recruiting events. There are approximately 45,000 employees across the U.S. and overseas. There are two major categories in Customs and Border Patrol: frontline law enforcement and mission-critical occupations, such as operational and mission support positions. Current CBP opportunities can be found on USA Jobs. USA Jobs is the official job site of the U.S. Federal Government. Annual salary ranges in CBP in 2016 were: $60,000 to $110,000 for a customs and border patrol officer, $49,000 to $120,000 for a border patrol agent and $85,000 to $145,000 for a management and program analyst. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement According to U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, its homeland security mission is carried out by a wide variety of law enforcement, intelligence and mission support professionals all of whom have the opportunity to contribute to the safety and security of the U.S. In addition to the core law enforcement occupations, there are also a wide range of professional and administrative functions that support the ICE mission. ICE offers an extensive  careers information  and recruitment calendar  section on its website. Find out when ICE will be in your area for a recruiting event. ICE classifies its job opportunities into two categories: criminal investigators (special agents) and all other ICE opportunities. Positions in ICE include financial and trade investigations; cyber crimes; project analysis and management; litigating removal cases in immigration court; working with foreign authorities; intelligence gathering; investigations into arms and strategic technology violations; human trafficking; and child exploitation. Other roles include security for federal buildings, perform crowd control and surveillance, and work with other federal state and local authorities or enforcement duties that include the apprehension, processing, detention, and deportation of illegal or criminal aliens. Finally, there are a number of technical, professional, administrative or management occupations directly supporting its law enforcement mission. ICE has up to 20,000 employees working in 400 offices nationwide and over 50 locations internationally. Entry-level criminal investigators are recruited directly through recruiters. Contact special agent recruiters at the nearest Special Agent in Charge (SAC) office to apply for a criminal investigator position, but only when ICE is actively recruiting. Check the career section of ICEs website to find out if the department is recruiting. All other ICE job opportunities can be found on USA Jobs.   Annual salary ranges in ICE in 2017 were: $69,000-$142,000 for a special agent, $145,000-$206,000 for senior attorneys, and $80,000-$95,000 for a deportation officer. U.S. Customs and Immigration Services According to U.S. Customs and Immigration Services,  the agency oversees legal immigration to the United States. The agency helps people build better lives while helping to defend the integrity of the nation’s immigration system.  The USCIS Careers site has information on becoming a USCIS employee, pay and benefits offerings, training and career development opportunities, upcoming recruiting events and some frequently asked questions. There are approximately 19,000 federal and contract employees at 223 offices worldwide. Positions include security specialist, information technology specialist, management and program analyst, applications adjudicator, asylum officer, refugee officer, immigration information officer, immigration officer, intelligence research specialist, adjudications officer and immigration services officer. Current USCIS opportunities can be found on USA Jobs. In addition to the website, USCIS has access to job opening information through an interactive voice response telephone system at (703) 724-1850 or by TDD at (978) 461-8404. Annual salary ranges in USCIS in 2017 were: $80,000 to $100,000 for an immigration officer, $109,000-$122,000 for an IT specialist, and $51,000-$83,000 for an adjudications officer.

The Concept Of Suicide Islam - 1207 Words

The concept of Suicide in Islam Suicide is a short word, yet can it can be a very touchy and very popular topic. Suicide is when someone kills themselves on purpose. Suicidal behavior is any act that can cause a person to die. such as taking drugs, poison etc. There are about 30,000 suicides in the United States today. Suicide is the third leading cause of death in adolescent ages 15 through 24. Nearly 60% of all 30,000 suicides involves a firearm. There are twice as many suicides as there are homicides in this country! Suicide is committed every 17 minutes. Suicide is considered a permanent solution to a temporary problem, which is why many people find that as their only escape and eventually commit it. The word suicide comes from the Latin roots of sui (of oneself) and Cidium which mean (killing/slaying). Euthanasia, also known as assisted suicide is when doctors take away a patient s life in order to end the SUFFERING/pain, euthanasia is considered mercy killing but I think its just as awful as actual suicide. According to Emile Durkheim s theory ; there are four types of suicide, Egoistic, Altruistic, Anomic, and Fatalistic suicide. EGOISTIC (selfish) suicide occurs after someone has a lack of social integration and is not supported in a social group. When someone feels like they don’t belong somewhere and the only person they have in their life is themselves; when someone is lonely. The second type of suicide is ALTRUSITIC, thisShow MoreRelatedThe Islamic View On Self Harm And Suicide Attacks1298 Words   |  6 Pagesthat of Islam and its views on terrorism and violence. If suicide and self harm are forbidden in Islam, why do Islamic terrorists conduct and take part in suicide bombings? Fighting in a war in a way is suicide because the fighter knows that he or she may be killed. If suicide and self harm are sins in Islam, why are jihad and war not sins? There are many approaches that can be taken to clarify these misinterpretations and contr oversial questions, one of them being self-harm and suicide. The IslamicRead MoreLife of Pi882 Words   |  4 Pagesthe book Yann Martel introduces three religions, Islam, Christianity, and Hinduism. There are three main points that aided in Pi’s survival. One being that Pi was open to religions and started to follow the Islamic faith. The second reason is that Islam believed that one should pray five times a day, and Pi did exactly this. The last reason is that the religion believes that suicide is completely forbidden and Pi was thinking of committing suicide on the boat. Pi believing and following the IslamicRead MoreIslamic Misinterpretations and Suicide Attacks1160 Words   |  5 PagesIslam is not just a religion or system of theological thought, but it is the primary source for creating legal norms, guidelines, and demands in order to adhere and devote one’s life to Islam. Islamic doctrine delineates between acts of martyrdom and what the Western world descri bes as terrorism. Islamic jus in bello, or the laws of waging war, clearly outlines actions that can and cannot be justified according to Islam when engaged in war. Historical Islamic definitions of jihad in modern societyRead MoreOsama Bin Laden Hero or Terrorist984 Words   |  4 PagesLaden’s death. Not everyone saw him as a terrorist, in fact, some thought of him as a hero. Although Bin Laden may be regarded as a hero, but by killing innocent civilians, hijacking the noble religion and culture of Islam, and pushing the Al-Qaedas mentally challenged individuals as suicide bombers he has to be considered as a true terrorist. The debate about Bin Laden is a big and a very controversial one. Some people, like the Afghanistan people, might think that bin laden is a hero forRead MoreEssay on The Terrorists Attack on the World Trade Centre in New York1205 Words   |  5 Pagesthe western concept about Islam and Muslims. Moreover, Islamic concept â€Å"Jihad† is criticized and it is questioned among Non-Muslims. 9/11 attack not only effects non-Muslims but also the Muslims who have no connections with the terrorist groups. As well as they do not support these terrorism. These Muslims face the hatred of the non-western people. They feel guilty about the Sin, they neither commit nor support. After 9/11, The Muslims all over the world called as terrorist and Islam is consideredRead MoreIslam and Euthanasia Essay1205 Words   |  5 Pages     Ã‚   Islam has definite views on euthanasia, and this essay will bring to the fore all of the main beliefs relevant to the issue of euthanasia/assisted suicide. Islam spells things out quite plainly, with enough similes to clarify every point in the system of beliefs. The sanctity of human life is a basic value as decreed by God even before the times of Moses, Jesus and Mohammad. Commenting on the killing of Abel by his brother Caine (the two sons of Adam), God says in the Quran: On that accountRead MoreThe Crisis of Islam: Holy War and Unholy Terror by Bernard Lewis1335 Words   |  6 PagesThe Crisis of Islam: Holy War and Unholy Terror is a book written by Bernard Lewis that ‘in particular charts the key events of the twentieth century leading up to the violent confrontations of today.’(Lewis) Lewis clearly and entirely pointed out key events explaining the choices to be made by the people of the Islamic faith. They must determine whether their religion takes its place alongside other religions in a global community, or whether it will revert back into conflict with non-Muslim nationsRead MoreIslam Religion Of Peace Or War Essay1445 Words   |  6 PagesIslam a Religion of Peace or War Introduction: After the crisis of 9/11, the religion of Islam has raised a number of controversies. More specifically, the issue of Islam as a harmonious religion or not. In the last fifteen years, after 9/11, there has been multiple disputes among those believing Islam as a religion of peace, and those who believe otherwise. With any debate, numerous questions spring up to force the majority to believe their beliefs are the truth. Some of the questions orRead MoreSocial Teachings of Islam1089 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Teachings of Islam Islam is an Abrahamic religion followed predominantly by those living in the Middle East and northern parts of Africa. The Arabic word â€Å"islam†, or â€Å"surrender† in English, encompasses what all Muslims are expected to do--surrender to Allah and his will. The teachings of Allah through Muhammad are known as the Qur’an. To Muslims, these teachings are a way of life that reaches past being a moral code for the individual and into the social aspects of their society. TheRead MoreThe Islamic Ethical Principles Of Euthanasia Essay1419 Words   |  6 PagesHOW DOES ISLAM RESPOND TO EUTHANASIA? INTRODUCTION The objective of my inquiry is to find and investigate the Islamic ethical principles of the act of euthanasia, to see how Islam responds to euthanasia. The Islamic ethical principles that this investigation addresses includes the sanctity of human life and how only Allah has the right to decide the length of our lives, in relation to evidence given by the authentic Islamic sources of Quran, Hadith (sayings of the Prophet [Peace and Blessings of

List Of Major Characters In Things Fall Apart By Chinua...

Title: Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe Historical Date the Book was Published: 1958 List of Major Characters: Okonkwo: Main character, leader, power hungry man, tragic flaw leads to downfall Nwoye: Okonkwo’s son, joins Christianity, Okonkwo believes he is weak and unworthy, feels outcasted from community Ezinma: Okonkwo’s favorite kid, understanding, Okonkwo wishes she was a boy Mr. Brown: White missionary, brings peace and understanding to the Igbo people, builds schools and hospitals 4. List of Minor Characters: Ekwefi: Second wife of Okonkwo, mother of Ezinma, ran away from first husband Reverend James Smith: Replaces Mr. Brown, strict, wipes away culture and tradition Obeirka: Old and close friend of Okonkwo, guide†¦show more content†¦In addition, since it is not told from a single person, there is no bias and it enables the narrator to describe each character in a distinct and unique way. The purpose of utilizing third person omniscient is to help the audience develop a deeper understanding of the characters and how they function and act in the Igbo society. 9. Social/Political/Philosophical Agendas or Issues Being Dealt with by the Author(Themes) One of the biggest agendas of Achebe in writing this novel is to present the point of view of the tribal Africans. The presence of the Christian missionaries prove this point and Achebe recognized this problem and how it essentially wiped out the true culture and tradition of the Igbo. He wanted to display the real problems and lives of the Igbo society without any outside influence. Another important theme that is conveyed is that being too strict or ambitious with our children cautions us to behave with prudence as opposed to emotion. Throughout the book, Okonkwo lives by emotion and his only goal is to come off as a strong fighter. His strict attitude towards Nwoye only causes him to act against Okonkwo’s choice and join the Christian missionaries. Achebe shows that we should be flexible and raise our kids with judgement and leniency, because if we rule by emotion, it can lead to our downfall. (As seen in both Okonkwo andShow MoreRelatedThe Hero Of Things Fall Apart By Chin ua Achebe2190 Words   |  9 PagesWoman; from Mother Theresa to Ghandi; from Malala Yousafzai to Nick Vujicic; even the protagonist of Things Fall Apart, Okonkwo, is portrayed by Chinua Achebe as a hero in his own right. For centuries and across many civilisations, we have revered people dead, alive and fictional alike. Yet if we were to compare every definition of a hero, few would explicitly match. To define – or even simply list – every archetype within the genre of a hero is an almost impossible task as the extensive interpretationsRead MoreReligion Is A Way Of Life Essay2254 Words   |  10 Pagesliterature and in most cases serves as a dominant theme, most African writers feature the traditional religion of their character rather than the inclined Christian/Islamic religion brought to Africa by Europeans. Example of such is presented in modern African writers such as Femi Osofisan in ‘Women of Owu’ as the involvement of their traditional religion makes the social life of their character more understandable; as Trojan women the reason why they had to have a â€Å"rite of passage rite† or â€Å"offer sacrifices†Read MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe3287 Words   |  14 PagesChinua Achebe’s postcolonial novel Things Fall Apart was first published in 1958 and narrates the fall of a great Ibo (Nigerian) warrior, Okwonko, after the arrival of white colonialists. Tony Harrison’s Selected Poems was published in 2006 and includes poems taken from his renowned sonnet sequence School of Eloquence, which draw upon Harrison’s own upbringing and pay tribute to the challenges of the British working class. Finally William Golding’s dystopian novel Lord of the Flies, first publishedRead More The Role of Women in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart Essay3614 Words   |  15 Pages More than those of any other African writer, Chinua Achebe’s writings have helped to develop what is known as African literature today. And the single book which has helped him to launch his revolution is the classic, Things Fall Apart.   The focus of this essay includes: 1) Achebes portraiture of women in his fictional universe, the existing sociocultural situation of the period he is depicting, and the factors in it that condition male attitudes towards women; 2) the consequences of the absenceRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesthat were clearly major departures from those that defined the nineteenth-century world order. On the other, it perversely unleashed forces that would undermine Western world dominance and greatly constrict the forces advancing globalization, both of which can be seen as hallmarks of the opening decades of the twentieth century. This intermingling of the forces and processes that were arguably essential components 2 †¢ INTRODUCTION of two epochs we routinely set apart as centuries suggests

Desert Biome Free Essays

De iomee ert B s n g rick Bor By: E Period:2 Where is the desert biome located Usually located in U. S. A, South America, Africa,Europe,Austalia,and Asia. We will write a custom essay sample on Desert Biome or any similar topic only for you Order Now located in hot, dry locations around the Earth. Deserts cover about one fifth of the Earth’s land surface. What’s the climate like? All deserts are dry, arid places, but some may be cold depending on the location. Desert regions usually only receive 10 inches of rain per year. A very low latitude climate. Usually have average temperature over 64Â ° F(18Â ° C). The climate is formed by high-pressure zones in which cold air descends. Who lives in the Desert? The animals that live in the desert such as camels, snakes, lizards, scorpions, coyotes, armadillos, hawks, and kangaroos, have special adaptations that allow them to survive the extreme temperatures and conditions that present in a desert. There’s also things like plants such as cactus, ocotillo a leafy green plant that produces flowers) and shrubs. Plants in the desert are forced to make many adaption’s in order to survive in this dry, hot land. Some adaption’s are when rain falls they sprout at that moment. Speciality Receives a extremely low amount of perspiration. More water is lost by evapotranspiration. Deserts can be Cold or hot. Cold deserts are usually covered in snow or ice. classified by their geographical location and dominant weather pattern. Sand covers about only 20% of earths deserts. Antarctica is actually the biggest desert. level of biodiversity I believe the level of biodiversity is hot and dry. Not to many living things live in the desert, because of heat. Deserts don’t really have plants because it rarely rains. Animals that can live in the heat can sustained the deserts biodiversity. How to cite Desert Biome, Essay examples

Marketing Mangement Management

Questions: 1 Critically review the current market environment by using a marketing audit framework. 2. Summarise the audit through a focused actionable SWOT analysis 3. Select ONE marketing opportunity and then explain with justification how this can be commercialised over the next three year period with specific attention to proposals for the following: 3.1 Market Attractiveness 3.2 Market Segmentation and Market Targeting 3.3 Impactful Brand Value Propositions to secure a competitive position 3.4 Specific, relevant, marketing mix plans for the next 3 years to build customer loyalty 3.5 Marketing Resource requirements 4. Justify this innovation in terms of potential financial contributions through revenue grow, cash flow and profit contribution 5. You are required to submit this proposal as a MBA module assignment with appropriate critique, use of models, references and citations which conform within a 4000 word limit to Harvard Referencing protocols. Answers: Introduction: Presentation of the domestic market for an organisation appears to be the most convenient factor that helps in organisational growth. This particular research study is going to present the necessities of domestic market leadership strategies of The Seller, a new retailing company going to launch in UK in the coming days. Being a marketing advisor, the current researcher is going to present the organisational framework. The researcher is also going to present the marketing audit framework that leads in presenting the strategies needed to be presented and chalked out. The researcher presents the different issues related to this approach and presents the competitive analysis of the market place. At the same time, revenue growth, cash flow and profit contribution are also presented by the researcher. This particular study is going to present the necessary approaches taken for development of this research practice. 1. Analyzing the Current Market Environment Framework and Audit Framework: In order to analyze the current market environment for The Seller availing different tools is, therefore, essential. In this approach, proper evaluation of both the internal and external factors is literally essential that helps in determining the effective organisational issues. A proper analysis of the different marketing factors is literally essential in this order. As mentioned by Hsu (2012), marketing audit is of two different types: internal audit and external audit. In order to identify the external market issues, PEST analysis appears to be the most congenial factor. External Market Audit: Political Issues: In the past few years the retailing business has been received an immense support from the political side in UK. This has rendered different retailing companies to try their hand in UK. As of having a financial and economical stability for last three years after the certain fall has resulted in intense encouragement for retailing sectors. As retailing sectors are in need of importing different branded products, clear custom service is needed. UK Government is encouraging in this service as well. As more employment opportunities are getting created by these retailing sectors, the influence of government is also essentially ethical as well. Economic Issues: Although it is stated that UK has recovered from its economic depression in the past years, however, it will take the time to stabilize the economy. Changes in the organisational taxation policies in the recent days have added more problems. Therefore, the authority of The Seller is needed to be aware of its approaches. Analyzing the necessities of the customers and possible approaches to take up for fulfilling the demand is literally essential. Having been influenced by diversification approach, economic diversification approach is needed to be exercised by the organisation. However, with the radical decline in disposable income level and GDP of UK, a serious economic deprivation issue can raise up. Social Issues: With the social changes from physical purchase to online marketing, it appears to be a severe problem for all of the retailing sectors operating in UK. Therefore, most of the retailing organisations are opening the online retailing services as well. The Seller is also needed to apply both the physical and online marketing approaches. At the same time, Britons, nowadays, are becoming typically health conscious, resulting in letting every retail store avail fresh and herbal products. The Seller is also needed to be quite efficient in its approaches to applying these approaches. Technological Issues: With the technical advancement in this recent era, retailing industry has seriously gone to use the technologies essentially. Implementation of the online shopping and retailing appear to be the most significant approach that may let The Seller achieve immense success. At the same time, with the installation of technologies in order to reduce the carbon footprint and less energy consumption approach lead this sector to developing a lot (Tomczak, 2010). The Seller is also needed to center its focus onto these factors as well. To provide the customers ease of access, application of automated technologies may prove to be helpful. Competitive Analysis: Issues Description Status Threat of New Entrance As retailing business seems to be profitable, a lot of industrialists in the past few years have tried their hands. But as the investment in the initial stage is literally high, it leads most of the people set their feet back. Therefore, it can be stated that new entrance is not the biggest issue for The Seller. Medium Threats from the Substitute In these recent days, online marketing seems to have become literally famous among the Britons. As the availability of the products can be cherished within the doorstep, people barely prefer going to the physical retailing shops. Even the retailing companies also seem to offer this service for acquiring the marketplace and attain the competitive advantages. Therefore, for The Seller it may seem to be a literal threat in order to market their products directly. Reaching to the customers of the market may also seem to be a problem. High Bargaining Power of Buyers To most of the Britons, quality is barely compromised. For the high quality products or services, the Britons seem never to bargain. Therefore, if The Seller can market quality oriented products, the buyers can accept the products easily (Taufique and Shahriar, 2011). Low Bargaining Power of Suppliers Suppliers play the most intrinsic role in this approach. As for the raw materials the retail companies in most of the cases need to depend on the common suppliers, satisfying them necessarily is literally an essential issue. For The Seller, a convenient relation to the organisation and suppliers is essential. It can help in attaining better cohesion in the marketplace. Suppliers are also needed to be quite intrinsic in this approach that needs to be coherent in this approach. Medium Competitive Rivalry The competition among the several retailing organisations in UK is literally high. This leads to engaging in a distinctive problem. Competitors in the market like Tesco, Saintsberry, Spenser and others are also intrinsically engaging in this market place. With marketing of the products, competitive approaches are also intrinsic factors that lead to attaining The Seller gain market advantages. High Table 1: Competitive Analysis of UK market for The Seller 2. Evaluation by Actionable SWOT Analysis: Strengths Increasing demand for the convenient stores in the past years in UK is expected in benefiting in the market demand. As The Seller is going to provide services online, it is expected that the organisation will attain competitive advantages in the marketplace. Stability in UK market is also one of the strategical approaches that lead to attaining marketing benefits. Brand value of the organisation is also supposed to be detrimental in capitalizing the market place. Weaknesses Being completely new in the market, it may seem to be quite difficult for The Seller to understand the demand of the market place. Competition is the most significant problem for The Seller may seem to face seriously. Along with the native supermarkets, there are several other international supermarkets as well, ready to provide competitive fight to the organisation (Schgel, 2010). Socially convenient stores and supermarkets although is a serious need, however, the small stores are also in a challenge for The Seller. Being completely new to the market, it may not get always accepted by the common people. Being completely new to the market it may not get clear access directly. Therefore, it needs to stand back in the queue of retailing development. Opportunities Expansion in a larger market place to cope up with the demand may seem to be a congenial effect that The Seller may get advantages of. Online retailing is another significant issue that The Seller may get to access directly. With mobilizing business, The Seller can leads in attaining better cohesion. More flexibility in this approach can also be gained essentially. As the demand of the essential commodities availed from the market is literally in demand, it is expected that in the coming days the demand will increase in a large number. Peattie and Belz (2010) is of this view that most of the convenient stores run on the branding approach. If The Seller is quite bold in its approaches and understands the market demand significantly, it is expected that the organisation will perform sophistically. Threats Price war may seem to be the most drastic threat that The Seller may seem to face. Structural change in the price approach after London Olympics seems to have cast its effect on the organisational development. Along with the international retailing companies, native small companies may also create problems in the organisational development. Integrated retailing strategies taken up by Walmart, ASDA, Tesco and other super-marketers pose to be a significant challenge for The Seller. Most of the international brands rely on the operating international retailing chains. However, there approach in this context or The Seller may not seem to be intrinsic. This would be enough to create disparity between customers demand and supply. 3.0 Analyzing Approaches from the Market Opportunity Context for The Seller: As The Seller is all set in tending its upheaval in the market place, it needs to focus on the opportunities of the UK market place available essentially. It appears to be one of the congenial aspects for the convenient development as a whole. Here, the analyzer is going to predict the opportunities available for the next 3 years. A report of Jeong and Kwon (2012), mentions that with the increasing demand of online retailing business in the past few years has conquered the UK market place. As most of the retailing organizations nowadays prefer to go online and delivering the products and services to the doorstep of the customers, it is playing one of the cohesive approaches on the strategical development of The Seller in the coming years. 3.1 Market Attractiveness: Away from the urban areas of UK, demand of products and services marketed by the different retail and convenient stores is literally high. Dependence on the local shops in these days seems to have reduced a lot as well. It seems to be quite sophisticated in the approaches that in the coming days demand of the products will also increase essentially. As most of the convenient stores dole out international branded products in most of the cases, attractiveness of this market has also increased essentially. As the demand is essentially high in nature, the supply is also needed to be convenient as well. It results in performing well in the coming days for The Seller. On the other hand, a report of Kasavana (2001) highlights 69.24% Britons prefers online retaining service. To these people approach of market penetration for The Seller in the coming days is going to be essentially convenient in nature. It also appears to be quite sophisticated matter for the essential development of the mark et place as well. Online service for The Seller is also going to be convenient as well which enables in determining better cohesion in the market ethics as well. With proper promotion both online and offline mode may lead the organisation reach to a large number of customers in the market place. It seems to be quite significant approach for enhancing the attractiveness of the market credentials. It also appears to be intrinsically convenient in this approach that leads in engaging more ethics. 3.2 Market Segmentation and Targeted Market Approach: Proper market segmentation and analysis seem to be one of the coherent factors that an organisation is needed to be managed. The market place is needed to be essentially segmented according to the products and services that are being provided by the organisation. Being a supermarket, The Seller needs to store a lot of various kinds of products. It needs to be quite affluent in this approach that leads to develop the organisational ethos. More to be added, for various kinds of products proper market segmentation is necessary. Targeted market approach is also quite intrinsic approach that helps in strategizing the market approaches. Proper segmentation of the market place is therefore seriously necessary. As The Seller targets at implementing online retailing service in the coming days, it is quite natural that the organisation is needed to be quite intrinsic in this aspect. For the different products different age groups are needed to be chosen which leads to determine the organisatio nal benefits. Targeted market approach is having an intrinsic approach for the organisational development. The market ethics is needed to be maintained significantly that helps in ascertaining the market target. Approach of the marketing ethics is also significant ethics in order to make the customers essentially attracted by the products that the organisation markets actually. 3.3 Approach of Brand Value Proposition to Attain Competitive Position: Brand value proposition for attaining the competitive advantages of the market place also seem to play a quite affluent role. Perception of the customers and the perception of the organisation is needed to be balanced so that the disparities in the market ethicalities can be removed. Brand value of the organisation is needed to be developed significantly so that it helps in attaining better cohesion in the market ethics. Brand value proposition seems to be the most coherent approach that leads in generating better ethicality for the development of the market ethics. It also helps in attaining the competitive advantages of the market place. Within next three years it is expected that the organisation will gain a significant hold over the market. Its approach is aloe going to be significant. 3.4 Three Years Market Mix Planning: As The Seller has set its target of acquiring the 25% of the UK retailing market in coming 3 years, it is expected that application of the proper strategies of price, product, promotion and place is needed stated chalked out by the organisation. Presenting the marketing approaches succinctly, approaches taken by The Seller are to be identical as well. Managing product approaches is literally significant for acquisition of the market place. In the following section an approach of market mix approach is stated for The Seller. Product: Quality is the most essential issue that most of the Britons actually care for always. Product is needed to be quite unique and at the same time its branding is also quite significant issue that the organisation is needed to be aware of. The product is to be quite intrinsic in this approach. Marketing of the proficient products is also literally significant that The Seller is needed to be presented. Products are needed to be garnished and presented succinctly. Within the first year of business, The Seller aims to provide 24.32% better product and service to the customers in comparison to the other retailing service providers. Within 3 years complete packed and manifested products are to be dole out. It is expected that it will let the organisation attaining a better product approaches. Within the 3 years of time span it is expected the organisation will attain its coherence in the market place. Price: The price of the product is needed to be kept within such level so that it can be easily permitted by the common people. Lindley, Friedman and Struble (2011) mention with the quality of the product increases, price needs to be increased. It is also needed to be stated that if the price of product is not so much convenient according to the quality, the customers may not seem to feel attracted to purchase it. But charging high may not attract more customers as well. Therefore, the price is to be kept within balance. The price of the product for these years is determined to be kept low by The Seller only to put a hold on the market. Even it is decided that the level of profit is expected to be kept low. The price is to be quite significant at the same time. The organisation needs to maintain proper supply chain management as well so that the price is stable. It is needed to be stated that in order to manage the online technologies the organisation needs to expend significantly. B ut the average price of the product must not go up in any way. Promotion: Along with promoting the different products and services for The Seller use of digital and social media is quite significant. It is needed to be stated that promotion helps in penetrating the marketing approaches significantly. Promotion of the product advertised by different celebrities let the organization perform significantly. In the first year for the promotion approach the organization is expected to expand 32% which will gradually be reduced by the years. At the end of third year the cost will be fixed to 4% only. Once the organization takes a hold for the market, it is expected to attain the market value. Promotional approaches are also intrinsic factors that needed to be managed properly. Place: For the first two years the place selected for this project is going to be limited within London, Westminster, Manchester, Liverpool suburbs only. But within three years along with the development in the online retailing sector, physical stores will also be spread in other areas of UK. For the place of advertisement, essentially the crowded places are going to be chosen by the organization. It seems to be one of the intrinsic factor for the further development of the organization. The physical stores of the company will be on basis of taking lease of the places to lower down the cost of setting up of retail stores. 3.5 Requirement of the Marketing Resources: The resource of the marketing will be sourcing products as well as channel of business model. In this model of business, The Sellers will source its products to the retail consumers from its retail and online stores. In addition to this, retailing of consumable products needs to be sourced from the suppliers at low price (Hamer, 2011). It will provide the company opportunity of selling goods at low price to enrich its customers in the convenient stores. The promotion of the convenient stores and online stores will be done using the social media and websites. Company will find the solution of finding the strategy of promoting its business through banner ads and pop-ups in the websites where internet traffic is high. Therefore, the resources for marketing will be selective and bounded to online promotion. The process of promoting the business will not be through traditional channel of advertisements in newspapers and television to reduce the cost of promotion. Further, to reduce more cost, company will avoid making any exhibition in the areas where it will set up the business. 4. Forecast of revenue growth Revenue growth of a company is key information in deducing the application of innovation by a startup company in the market. The growth of the revenue is normally a prediction of value of innovation in business model. The chosen model of business is selling of retail consumable products physically through its convenient stores targeting the small area as well as specific customers needs. Further, company has also target of selling highly branded products from its stores to the customers to reduce the bargaining power of the customers. The expected capital budget of the company is 45000 for the first year whereas the promoters of the company will provide only 40000 at the initiation of the project. The target of the company is to set up 12 convenient stores in the country at the first year that will cost up to 85000 for the capital expenses. Therefore, it is clear that company cannot bear that much of cost in the first year, so it will consider taking rent of the 6 stores for the firs t three years while rest of the stores will be bought as assets incurring 45000. Company will borrow 5000 for the capital expenditure from banks. The working capital of the stores will be run by taking credits from the suppliers as well as borrowing from the banks as a short-term loan. The revenue projection of the company is as follows Particulars Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Revenue 50000 65000 89000 Cost of goods sales 36000 47000 62000 Gross profit 14000 18000 27000 Cost of advertising 3000 5000 4500 Administrative cost 12000 14700 16000 Salary of employees 6000 6000 7000 Net profit -7000 -7700 -500 Finance cost 400 992 1687.36 Tax Nil Nil Nil Net profit -7400 -8692 -2187.36 From the above table, it can be seen that company will not post a single money profit after paying the interest and other liabilities within the first three years. Therefore, it becomes difficult to assess the innovation of the company in point of view of efficiency of the management. However, the growth of revenue is estimated as 30% and 36% in the second and third year respectively. Therefore, the style of conducting the business with convenient stores in the country might be said as successful after watching the revenue prediction from the first three years business. Further, it is also observed that company will borrow more 7400 after completing the first year to meet the all obligations. Thereby, cost of finance will grow for the next year by 592. The same will also happen in the next year - 7700 loan will be taken in the second year. The finance cost in the third year of the business will be 1687.36 due to increase in overall borrowings. The third year finance cost of the comp any will be 1687.36 while the net loss will reduce to 2187.36 at the third year of business. Due to borrowing in the consecutive three years of business, the repayment for loan will be higher which will be considered as cash outflow for the company. The cash flow of the first three years for The Sellers is as follows Particulars Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Net income [adding depreciation] 1100 -1192 6312.7 Change in inventory 5000 6000 4500 Cash flow from financing activities 400 992 1687.36 Cash flow from investing activities 0 0 0 Net cash flow 5700 3816 9124 From the above cash flow table, it can be seen that cash flow from the activities will be positive for the first three years as estimated. Therefore, business can be taken in hand due to positive cash flow from the activities. In addition to this, the revenue of the business will have good growth as seen from the estimation in the revenue estimation. The growth is seen 30 and 26 percent respectively. Further, it is also seen that except second year, the other years have seen a good growth in cash flow from business and there was little scope for the business to make any profit from investing activities due to new business set up. The worrying part of the estimation is no profit making in the first three years due to low revenue margin and low contribution margin in selling the products. The business needs to promote its business through attract the customers with its low priced products. This can be considered as the dumping policy for attracting the customers whereas it will have least opportunity to compete the supermarkets due to low advantage from the suppliers side. The amenities in the store will be least due to running the operation at low cost. It will ensure that high-end customers will not go through these stores normally. The breakeven of the business will be higher than the estimated cost of the period. The business will not meet the breakeven in terms of revenue and cost of business for the first three years. However, it can be seen that company can make better sales and it cannot reach the break even in terms of units selling whereas the profit is not possible from business. It means revenue of the business is low in this case to reach the target of business. Therefore, it can be said that breakeven model of the business will be failed as per the estimation and company will not reach the target of no profit and no loss point. References Hamer, L. (2011). Reducing Online Buyers' Perceptions of Risk: A Study of Online Auctions.Services Marketing Quarterly, 32(2), pp.83-95. Hsu, Y. (2012). Facebook as international eMarketing strategy of Taiwan hotels.International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(3), pp.972-980. Jeong, H. and Kwon, K. (2012). The Effectiveness of Two Online Persuasion Claims: Limited Product Availability and Product Popularity.Journal of Promotion Management, 18(1), pp.83-99. Kasavana, M. (2001). eMarketing.Journal of Hospitality Leisure Marketing, 9(3-4), pp.161-178. Lindley, L., Friedman, D. and Struble, C. (2011). Becoming Visible: Assessing the Availability of Online Sexual Health Information for Lesbians.Health Promotion Practice, 13(4), pp.472-480. Peattie, K. and Belz, F. (2010). Sustainability marketing An innovative conception of marketing.Thexis, 27(5), pp.8-15. Schgel, M. (2010). Customer Touchpoint Management.Thexis, 27(2), pp.1-1. Taufique, K. and Shahriar, F. (2011). Online Social Media as a Driver of Buzz Marketing.International Journal of Online Marketing, 1(2), pp.57-67. Tomczak, T. (2010). Innovatives und nachhaltiges Marketing.Thexis, 27(5), pp.1-1.

Tungkung langit and alunsina story free essay sample

One of the stories about the creation of the world, which the old people of Panay,especially those living near the mountains, do not tire relating, tells that in the beginningthere was no sky or earth—only a bottomless deep and a world of mist. Everything wasshapeless and formless—the earth, the sky, the sea and the air were almost mixed up. In a word, there was confusion. Then from the depth of this formless void, there appeared two gods, TungkungLangit and Alunsina. Just where these two deities came from, it was known. However, itwas related that Tungkung Langit had fallen in love with Alunsina; and after so manyyears of courtship, they got married and had their abode in the highest realm of theethereal space, where the water was constantly warm and the breeze was forever cool. It was in this place where order and regularity first took place. Tungkung Langit was an industrious, loving and kind god whose chief concernwas how to impose order over the whole confused set-up of things. We will write a custom essay sample on Tungkung langit and alunsina story or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He assumedresponsibility for the regular cosmic movement. On the other hand, Alunsina was a lazy, jealous and selfish goddess whose only work was to sit by the window of their heavenlyhome and amuse herself with her pointless thoughts. Sometimes, she would go downthe housesit down by a pool near their doorsteps, and comb her long, jet-black hair allday long. One day Tungkung Langit told his wife that he would be away from home for some time to put an end to the chaotic disturbances in the flow of time and in theposition of things. However, despite this purpose Alunsina sent the breeze to spy onTungkung Langit. This made the latter very angry upon knowing about it. Immediately after his return from his trip, he called this act to her attention,saying that it was ungodly of her to be jealous, there being no other creature living in theworld except the two of them. This reproach was resented by Alunsina and a quarrelbetween them followed. Tungkung Langit lost his temper. In his rage, he divested his wife of powers anddrove her away. He did not know where Alunsina went; she merely disappeared. Several days after Alunsina had left, Tungkung Langit felt very lonely. Herealized what he had done. Somehow, it was too late to even be sorry about the wholematter. The whole place, once vibrant with Alunsina’s sweet voice, suddenly becamecold and desolate. In the morning when he woke up, he would find himself alone; and inthe afternoon when he came home, he would feel the same loneliness creeping deep inhis heart because there was no one to meet him at the doorstep or soothe the achingmuscles of his arms.

The Internet Essays (1001 words) - Digital Technology,

The Internet The Internet is the name for a group of worldwide information resources. These resources are so vast as to be well beyond the comprehension of a single human being. Not only is there no one who understands all of the Internet, there is no one who even understands most of the Internet (Harley 2). The Internet is often thought of as a computer network, or sometimes a group of computer networks connected to one another. The computer networks are simply the medium that carries the information. The beauty and utility of the Internet lie in the information itself that is being transmitted. The Internet has undergone a remarkable transformation since its early days. The original Internet was a low-speed, text-based network used to connect a few government sites to the research and defense contracting community. The Department of Defense began a project known as ARPAnet (Advanced Research Project Agency Network) back in the late 1960's, starting the first internet. It was designed by the network architects to interconnect government computers with defense contractors (Banta 2). The design of the network was such that no one computer system was dependent upon the functioning of any of the other computer systems. If any one computer network node was destroyed, such as in a nuclear attack, the rest of the network would continue to operate (Banta 2). In the 1970s, the Internet began to be interconnected with large universities and research organizations (Banta 2). The type of information going across the Internet began to change from that of being primarily government oriented to that of research oriented. During the 1980s, more universities and government contractors began using the internet contributing to its growth. As the amount of network traffic increased, the speed of the Internet began to slow down. In the mid - 1980s, the U.S. Department of Defense split the network into the ARPAnet and the MilNet. The MilNet consists of only traffic to and from military sites and other government locations vital for national defense. The National Science Foundation (NSF) took over ARPAnet and merged it into a high-speed network called NSFnet (Benta 2). The NSFnet was the prototype for the national Internet backbones that we have today. It provided high-speed links among scientists and supercomputing facilities and served as the main Internet traffic arteries for the United States. People at universities and elsewhere immediately began using the increased speed for everything other than supercomputing, and this led to the birth of the national Internet infrastructure. In 1995, the NSF handed over control of the Internet backbone to commercial carriers (Glen 3). In the last couple of years Internet usage has shifted from the university environment to that of becoming more commercial. The primary thing that has led to this shift was the development of the World Wide Web (the Web) by CERN (the high-energy physics research institute in Geneva, Switzerland). Coupled with this came the development of the first practical web browser, Mosaic, from the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) (Glen 3). Today, the Internet is being used by all sorts People - educators, librarians, hobbyists, and business people - for a variety of purposes, from communicating with each other, to accessing valuable information and resources. To appreciate what the. Internet has to offer, imagine discovering a whole system of highways and high-speed connectors that cut hours off your commuting time. Or a library you could use any time of the day or night, with acres of books and resources and unlimited browsing. That's the Internet. Web browsers allowed people to explore the resources of the Internet in a way that was far easier than the original text-based applications like FTP (file transfer protocol, Gopher (a search engine), Telnet (remotely accessing a computer), etc. As more people become interested in the Internet, the more web browsers were developed and came into use. The main web browsers in use today are Netscape and Microsoft's Internet Explorer. Web browsers were developed that were more graphically (picture) oriented and easier to use than the old text based applications. This led to an increase in the number of people that began connecting themselves to the Internet and this led to a slow down in